As renewable penetration rises, many grids approach saturation thresholds, where variable generation exceeds the hosting capacity of existing transmission and distribution networks. This challenge is driven by limited transfer capability, insufficient reactive power support, and structural bottlenecks in legacy infrastructure not built to accommodate high levels of bidirectional energy flow. Without intervention, operators must resort to curtailment—a costly measure that redu

As solar power becomes one of the world’s fastest-growing energy sources, the number of aging or damaged panels is also increasing. While many assume that broken solar panels become e-waste, the truth is that most components can be safely recovered and reused . Solar panels are primarily made of glass, aluminum, silicon, and small amounts of metals like silver and copper—all of which are recyclable. Specialized facilities use mechanical and thermal processes to separate these

Solar panel performance cannot be accurately assessed by relying solely on outdoor conditions, where variables such as irradiance,...

Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) are reshaping the way we think about solar energy. Unlike traditional solar panels that are...